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Marine Corrosion
| Marine corrosion includes the
immersion of components in a seawater, equipment and piping that use seawater or
brackish water, and corrosion in marine atmospheres. Exposure of
components can be continuous or intermittent. Ships, marinas,
pipelines, offshore structures, desalination plants, and heat exchangers are
some examples of systems that experience marine corrosion.
Corrosion of a component, such as a bolt,
can vary markedly depending on if it is simply in a marine atmosphere, a
splash zone, or submerged in seawater. Maintenance costs for ships, offshore structures and related equipment are
dependent on how marine corrosion issues and failures are managed. |
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In addition to the salt (NaCl) in seawater
there are other commonly occurring constituents, dissolved gases, living
organisms, and various other materials found in seawater. Rivers,
temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pollutants are some examples of issues that
may affect the corrosion of a given component in seawater.
Marine atmospheres are generally considered to
be one of the more aggressive atmospheric corrosion environments. Some
factors that affect corrosion rates in marine atmospheres are listed below:
- Humidity
- Wind
- Temperature
- Airborne contaminants
- Location
- Biological organisms
Alloy selection, metallic coatings,
organic coatings, and cathodic protection are commonly used methods for
providing proper corrosion protection to various components. Thermal
spray, galvanizing, and for specific circumstances electroplating are metallic
coatings used in various marine corrosion applications.
Organic coatings have changed in recent times due
to environmental requirements. Organic coatings have various constituents
to enhance properties that provide corrosion protection, antifouling, adhesion,
good mechanical strength, or other desirable characteristics.
Cathodic
protection can be accomplished by either using an impressed current system or by
using sacrificial anode system. Magnesium, aluminum and zinc alloys are
the most frequently used sacrificial anode systems.
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